| Antikörper | Patienten | Alter | Männer / Frauen | Klinik | Syndrom | MR | Tumoren | IgG-Klasse | Antikörper-Wirkung |
| NMDAR | (>1500) | 21 yr (2 mo–85 yr) | 1:4 | Children: seizures, dyskinesias; adults: behavioral changes, psychiatric symptoms | NMDAR encephalitis | Normal findings (70%) or nonspecific changes | Varies with age and sex; ovarian teratoma in women 18–45 yr old (58%) | IgG1 | Internalization of NMDAR, disruption of NMDAR interaction with ephrin-B2 receptor |
| AMPAR | (80) | 56 yr (23–81) | 1:2.3 | Confusion, memory loss; in rare cases, psychiatric symptoms | Limbic encephalitis | Increased signal in medial temporal lobes (67%) | SCLC, thymoma, or breast cancer (56%) | IgG1 | Internalization of AMPARs |
| GABABR | (80) | 61 yr (16–77) | 1.5:1 | Seizures, memory loss,confusion | Limbic encephalitis, prominent seizures | Increased signal in medial temporal lobes (45%) | SCLC (50%) | IgG1 | Blocking of agonist effect of baclofen on GABABR |
| LGI1 | (400) | 64 yr (31–84) | 2:1 | Memory loss, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, hyponatremia | Limbic encephalitis | Increased signal in medial temporal lobes (83%) | Thymoma (<5%) | IgG4 | Inhibition of LGI1 interaction with ADAM22 and ADAM23; decrease in postsynaptic AMPAR |
| CASPR2 | (120) | 66 yr (25–77) | 9:1 | Memory loss, insomnia, dysautonomia, ataxia, peripheral-nerve hyperexcitability, neuropathic pain | Limbic encephalitis | Increased signal in medial temporal lobes (67%) | Varies with the syndrome (<5% overall) | IgG4 | Alteration of gephyrin clusters in inhibitory synapses |
| mGluR5 | (11) | 29 yr (6–75) | 1.5:1 | Confusion, psychiatric symptoms | Encephalitis | Normal findings in 5 of 11 patients | Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 6 of 11 patients | IgG1 | Decrease in density of surface mGluR5 |
| D2R | (25) | 6 yr (2–15) | 1:1 | Parkinsonism, dystonia, psychiatric symptoms | Basal ganglia encephalitis | Increased signal in basal ganglia (50%) | No associated cancer | Unknown | Receptor internalization and decrease in D2R surface density |
| DPPX | (45) 52 yr (13–76) | 2.3:1 | Confusion, diarrhea, weight loss | Encephalitis, myoclonus, tremors, hyperekplexia | Normal findings or nonspecific changes (100%) | B-cell neoplasms (<10%) | IgG4 | Decrease in density of surface DPPX and Kv4.2 | |
| GABAAR | (70) | 40 yr (2 mo–88 yr) | 1:1 | Seizures, confusion, behavioral changes | Encephalitis, frequent status epilepticus | Cortical and subcortical FLAIR signal abnormalities involving two or more brain regions (77%) | Thymoma (27%) | IgG1 | Selective reduction of GABAAR at synapses |
| Neurexin-3α | (6) | 44 yr (23–57) | 2:4 | Confusion, seizures | Encephalitis | Normal findings in 4 of 6 patients | No associated cancer | Unknown | Decrease in density of surface neurexin-3α and total number of synapses in neurons undergoing development |
Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis.
N Engl J Med 2018;378:840-51.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1708712
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